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Aries Is A Constellation Named After What Animal?

Written By Sunday, May 15, 2022 Add Comment Edit

Zodiac constellation in the northern hemisphere

This article is about the astronomical constellation. For the astrological sign, see Aries (astrology).

Aries
Constellation
Aries

List of stars in Aries
Abbreviation Ari[1]
Genitive Arietis
Pronunciation ,
genitive ,
Symbolism the Ram
Right ascension 01h 46yard 37.3761southward –03h 29m 42.4003s [2]
Declination 31.2213154°–10.3632069°[2]
Area 441[3] sq. deg. (39th)
Chief stars four, ix
Bayer/Flamsteed
stars		 61
Stars with planets 6
Stars brighter than three.00g 2
Stars within 10.00 pc (32.62 ly) 2[a]
Brightest star Hamal (2.01thou)
Messier objects 0
Meteor showers
  • May Arietids
  • Autumn Arietids
  • Delta Arietids
  • Epsilon Arietids
  • Daytime-Arietids
  • Aries-Triangulids
Bordering
constellations
  • Perseus
  • Triangulum
  • Pisces
  • Cetus
  • Taurus[3]
Visible at latitudes between +90° and −60°.
Best visible at 21:00 (nine p.m.) during the calendar month of December.

Aries is one of the constellations of the zodiac. Information technology is located in the Northern celestial hemisphere betwixt Pisces to the westward and Taurus to the east. The proper name Aries is Latin for ram. Its one-time astronomical symbol is Aries symbol (fixed width).svg (♈︎). It is one of the 48 constellations described by the 2nd century astronomer Ptolemy, and remains one of the 88 modernistic constellations. It is a mid-sized constellation, ranking 39th overall size, with an area of 441 square degrees (1.one% of the angelic sphere).

Aries has represented a ram since late Babylonian times. Earlier that, the stars of Aries formed a farmhand. Dissimilar cultures have incorporated the stars of Aries into different constellations including twin inspectors in Mainland china and a porpoise in the Marshall Islands. Aries is a relatively dim constellation, possessing only four bright stars: Hamal (Alpha Arietis, 2nd magnitude), Sheratan (Beta Arietis, 3rd magnitude), Mesarthim (Gamma Arietis, fourth magnitude), and 41 Arietis (also fourth magnitude). The few deep-sky objects inside the constellation are quite faint and include several pairs of interacting galaxies. Several falling star showers announced to radiate from Aries, including the Daytime Arietids and the Epsilon Arietids.

History and mythology [edit]

Aries is recognized as an official constellation at present, albeit as a specific region of the heaven, by the International Astronomical Marriage. It was originally defined in ancient texts every bit a specific pattern of stars, and has remained a constellation since ancient times; it now includes the ancient design likewise as the surrounding stars.[five] In the description of the Babylonian zodiac given in the clay tablets known as the MUL.APIN, the constellation, now known as Aries, was the terminal station along the ecliptic. The MUL.APIN was a comprehensive table of the risings and settings of stars, which probable served as an agricultural agenda. Modern-solar day Aries was known as MULLÚ.ḪUN.GÁ , "The Agrarian Worker" or "The Hired Man".[6] Although likely compiled in the 12th or 11th century BC, the MUL.APIN reflects a tradition which marks the Pleiades every bit the vernal equinox, which was the instance with some precision at the beginning of the Middle Bronze Age. The earliest identifiable reference to Aries equally a distinct constellation comes from the boundary stones that date from 1350 to thou BC. On several boundary stones, a zodiacal ram figure is singled-out from the other characters present. The shift in identification from the constellation equally the Agrarian Worker to the Ram likely occurred in later Babylonian tradition because of its growing association with Dumuzi the Shepherd. By the time the MUL.APIN was created—by 1000 BC—modernistic Aries was identified with both Dumuzi'southward ram and a hired laborer. The verbal timing of this shift is difficult to determine due to the lack of images of Aries or other ram figures.[7]

In ancient Egyptian astronomy, Aries was associated with the god Amon-Ra, who was depicted as a man with a ram's head and represented fertility and creativity. Because it was the location of the vernal equinox, information technology was chosen the "Indicator of the Reborn Sun".[8] During the times of the twelvemonth when Aries was prominent, priests would process statues of Amon-Ra to temples, a practice that was modified by Western farsi astronomers centuries later. Aries caused the title of "Lord of the Head" in Arab republic of egypt, referring to its symbolic and mythological importance.[ix]

Aries depicted in an early on medieval manuscript, c.yard

Aries was not fully accepted as a constellation until classical times.[10] In Hellenistic astrology, the constellation of Aries is associated with the golden ram of Greek mythology that rescued Phrixus and Helle on orders from Hermes, taking Phrixus to the country of Colchis.[11] [12] [13] Phrixos and Helle were the son and daughter of King Athamas and his beginning wife Nephele. The king'southward second married woman, Ino, was jealous and wished to kill his children. To achieve this, she induced a famine in Boeotia, then falsified a message from the Oracle of Delphi that said Phrixos must exist sacrificed to stop the famine. Athamas was about to sacrifice his son atop Mount Laphystium when Aries, sent by Nephele, arrived.[14] Helle barbarous off of Aries'south back in flying and drowned in the Dardanelles, also called the Hellespont in her award. [3] [11] [13]

Historically, Aries has been depicted as a crouched, wingless ram with its head turned towards Taurus. Ptolemy asserted in his Almagest that Hipparchus depicted Alpha Arietis as the ram's muzzle, though Ptolemy did not include it in his constellation figure. Instead, it was listed as an "unformed star", and denoted every bit "the star over the head". John Flamsteed, in his Atlas Coelestis, followed Ptolemy'southward description by mapping information technology in a higher place the effigy's head.[xiv] [15] Flamsteed followed the full general convention of maps by depicting Aries lying down.[eight] Astrologically, Aries has been associated with the head and its humors.[16] It was strongly associated with Mars, both the planet and the god. It was considered to govern Western Europe and Syrian arab republic, and to bespeak a potent temper in a person.[17]

The Offset Point of Aries, the location of the vernal equinox, is named for the constellation. This is considering the Sun crossed the angelic equator from southward to northward in Aries more than 2 millennia ago. Hipparchus defined it in 130 BC. as a point south of Gamma Arietis. Because of the precession of the equinoxes, the Commencement Point of Aries has since moved into Pisces and will motility into Aquarius by around 2600 Ad. The Sun now appears in Aries from late Apr through mid May, though the constellation is still associated with the start of leap.[12] [14] [eighteen]

Medieval Muslim astronomers depicted Aries in various ways. Astronomers like al-Sufi saw the constellation as a ram, modeled on the precedent of Ptolemy. However, some Islamic celestial globes depicted Aries as a nondescript iv-legged animal with what may be antlers instead of horns.[19] Some early Bedouin observers saw a ram elsewhere in the sky; this constellation featured the Pleiades equally the ram'southward tail.[20] The generally accepted Arabic germination of Aries consisted of xiii stars in a figure along with 5 "unformed" stars, four of which were over the creature'southward hindquarters and one of which was the disputed star over Aries's head.[21] Al-Sufi'due south delineation differed from both other Arab astronomers' and Flamsteed's, in that his Aries was running and looking behind itself.[8]

The obsolete constellations of Aries (Apes/Vespa/Lilium/Musca (Borealis)) all centred on the same the northern stars.[22] In 1612, Petrus Plancius introduced Apes, a constellation representing a bee. In 1624, the same stars were used past Jakob Bartsch as for Vespa, representing a wasp. In 1679, Augustin Royer used these stars for his constellation Lilium, representing the fleur-de-lis. None of these constellation became widely accepted. Johann Hevelius renamed the constellation "Musca" in 1690 in his Firmamentum Sobiescianum. To differentiate it from Musca, the southern wing, it was later renamed Musca Borealis but it did not proceeds acceptance and its stars were ultimately officially reabsorbed into Aries.[23] The asterism involved was 33, 35, 39, and 41 Arietis.[23]

In 1922, the International Astronomical Union divers its recommended three-letter abbreviation, "Ari".[one] The official boundaries of Aries were defined in 1930 by Eugène Delporte as a polygon of 12 segments. Its right rising is between ih 46.4m and iiih 29.4m and its declination is between 10.36° and 31.22° in the equatorial coordinate system.[24]

In not-Western astronomy [edit]

In traditional Chinese astronomy, stars from Aries were used in several constellations. The brightest stars—Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Arietis—formed a constellation called Lou (婁), variously translated as "bond", "lasso", and "sickle", which was associated with the ritual sacrifice of cattle. This name was shared by the 16th lunar mansion, the location of the full moon closest to the autumnal equinox. [14] This constellation has besides been associated with harvest-time as it could correspond a woman carrying a basket of food on her head.[8] 35, 39, and 41 Arietis were office of a constellation called Wei (胃), which represented a fat abdomen and was the namesake of the 17th lunar mansion, which represented granaries. Delta and Zeta Arietis were a role of the constellation Tianyin (天陰), thought to represent the Emperor's hunting partner. Zuogeng (左更), a constellation depicting a marsh and pond inspector, was equanimous of Mu, Nu, Omicron, Pi, and Sigma Arietis.[8] [fourteen] He was accompanied by Yeou-kang, a constellation depicting an official in charge of pasture distribution.[8]

In a like system to the Chinese, the starting time lunar mansion in Hindu astronomy was chosen "Aswini", after the traditional names for Beta and Gamma Arietis, the Aswins. Considering the Hindu new twelvemonth began with the vernal equinox, the Rig Veda contains over 50 new-year's related hymns to the twins, making them some of the most prominent characters in the work. Aries itself was known every bit "Aja" and "Mesha".[17] In Hebrew astronomy Aries was named "Taleh"; it signified either Simeon or Gad, and by and large symbolizes the "Lamb of the Globe". The neighboring Syrians named the constellation "Amru", and the bordering Turks named it "Kuzi".[17] Half a world away, in the Marshall Islands, several stars from Aries were incorporated into a constellation depicting a porpoise, along with stars from Cassiopeia, Andromeda, and Triangulum. Blastoff, Beta, and Gamma Arietis formed the caput of the porpoise, while stars from Andromeda formed the trunk and the bright stars of Cassiopeia formed the tail.[25] Other Polynesian peoples recognized Aries as a constellation. The Marquesas islanders called it Na-pai-ka; the Māori constellation Pipiri may stand for to modern Aries likewise.[26] In ethnic Peruvian astronomy, a constellation with most of the same stars as Aries existed. It was called the "Market place Moon" and the "Kneeling Terrace", as a reminder for when to concur the almanac harvest festival, Ayri Huay.[17]

Features [edit]

The constellation Aries as information technology can be seen with the naked eye

Stars [edit]

Aries has three prominent stars forming an asterism, designated Blastoff, Beta, and Gamma Arietis past Johann Bayer. Blastoff (Hamal) and Beta (Sheratan) are normally used for navigation.[27] In that location is besides one other star higher up the fourth magnitude, 41 Arietis (Bharani[28]). α Arietis, chosen Hamal, is the brightest star in Aries. Its traditional proper name is derived from the Standard arabic give-and-take for "lamb" or "head of the ram" (ras al-hamal), which references Aries's mythological groundwork.[eighteen] With a spectral class of K2[xiii] and a luminosity class of III, information technology is an orange giant with an apparent visual magnitude of two.00, which lies 66 light-years from World.[12] [29] Hamal has a luminosity of 96Fifty ☉ and its absolute magnitude is −0.ane.[xxx]

β Arietis, too known as Sheratan, is a blue-white star with an apparent visual magnitude of two.64. Its traditional proper noun is derived from "sharatayn", the Standard arabic word for "the 2 signs", referring to both Beta and Gamma Arietis in their position equally heralds of the vernal equinox. The two stars were known to the Bedouin as "qarna al-hamal", "horns of the ram".[31] It is 59 light-years from Earth.[32] It has a luminosity of 1150 ☉ and its absolute magnitude is two.ane.[xxx] Information technology is a spectroscopic binary star, one in which the companion star is but known through analysis of the spectra.[33] The spectral class of the main is A5.[thirteen] Hermann Carl Vogel determined that Sheratan was a spectroscopic binary in 1903; its orbit was determined by Hans Ludendorff in 1907. It has since been studied for its eccentric orbit.[33]

γ Arietis, with a common proper name of Mesarthim, is a binary star with two white-hued components, located in a rich field of magnitude 8–12 stars. Its traditional proper noun has conflicting derivations. Information technology may exist derived from a corruption of "al-sharatan", the Standard arabic word meaning "pair" or a word for "fatty ram".[14] [18] [34] Withal, it may also come up from the Sanskrit for "first star of Aries" or the Hebrew for "ministerial servants", both of which are unusual languages of origin for star names.[xviii] Along with Beta Arietis, it was known to the Bedouin as "qarna al-hamal".[31] The primary is of magnitude 4.59 and the secondary is of magnitude 4.68.[30] The system is 164 light-years from Earth.[35] The two components are separated past seven.eight arcseconds,[3] and the system equally a whole has an apparent magnitude of 3.nine.[13] The primary has a luminosity of 60L ☉ and the secondary has a luminosity of 56Fifty ☉; the primary is an A-type star with an absolute magnitude of 0.2 and the secondary is a B9-blazon star with an accented magnitude of 0.four.[thirty] The angle between the ii components is 1°.[3] Mesarthim was discovered to be a double star by Robert Hooke in 1664, one of the earliest such scope discoveries. The primary, γ1 Arietis, is an Alpha² Canum Venaticorum variable star that has a range of 0.02 magnitudes and a catamenia of ii.607 days. It is unusual because of its strong silicon emission lines.[33]

The constellation is home to several double stars, including Epsilon, Lambda, and Pi Arietis. ε Arietis is a binary star with 2 white components. The master is of magnitude v.two and the secondary is of magnitude 5.5. The system is 290 light-years from Globe.[12] Its overall magnitude is iv.63, and the main has an absolute magnitude of 1.4. Its spectral grade is A2. The two components are separated by 1.5 arcseconds.[30] λ Arietis is a wide double star with a white-hued master and a yellowish-hued secondary. The primary is of magnitude four.8 and the secondary is of magnitude vii.three.[12] The primary is 129 low-cal-years from World.[36] It has an absolute magnitude of one.7 and a spectral course of F0.[thirty] The 2 components are separated by 36 arcseconds at an angle of 50°; the ii stars are located 0.5° east of seven Arietis.[3] π Arietis is a close binary star with a blue-white primary and a white secondary. The primary is of magnitude 5.3 and the secondary is of magnitude eight.v.[12] The primary is 776 lite-years from Globe.[37] The primary itself is a wide double star with a separation of 25.2 arcseconds; the tertiary has a magnitude of 10.viii. The primary and secondary are separated by 3.2 arcseconds.[30]

Almost of the other stars in Aries visible to the naked eye have magnitudes between 3 and five. δ Ari, called Boteïn, is a star of magnitude 4.35, 170 light-years away. It has an absolute magnitude of −0.1 and a spectral grade of K2.[30] [38] ζ Arietis is a star of magnitude 4.89, 263 light-years abroad. Its spectral class is A0 and its absolute magnitude is 0.0.[thirty] [39] 14 Arietis is a star of magnitude iv.98, 288 lite-years away. Its spectral form is F2 and its accented magnitude is 0.vi.[30] [40] 39 Arietis (Lilii Borea[28]) is a similar star of magnitude 4.51, 172 light-years away. Its spectral class is K1 and its absolute magnitude is 0.0.[30] [41] 35 Arietis is a dim star of magnitude 4.55, 343 low-cal-years away. Its spectral form is B3 and its absolute magnitude is −1.7.[30] [42] 41 Arietis, known both as c Arietis and Nair al Butain, is a brighter star of magnitude 3.63, 165 light-years away. Its spectral class is B8 and it has a luminosity of 105Fifty ☉. Its absolute magnitude is −0.two.[30] [43] 53 Arietis is a runaway star of magnitude 6.09, 815 light-years abroad.[33] [44] Its spectral class is B2. It was probable ejected from the Orion Nebula approximately v 1000000 years agone, perchance due to supernovae.[33] Finally, Teegarden's Star is the closest star to Globe in Aries. Information technology is a brownish dwarf of magnitude 15.14 and spectral class M6.5V. With a proper motility of five.1 arcseconds per year, it is the 24th closest star to Earth overall.[4]

Aries has its share of variable stars, including R and U Arietis, Mira-blazon variable stars, and T Arietis, a semi-regular variable star. R Arietis is a Mira variable star that ranges in magnitude from a minimum of thirteen.7 to a maximum of 7.4 with a flow of 186.eight days.[30] It is 4,080 light-years abroad.[45] U Arietis is some other Mira variable star that ranges in magnitude from a minimum of xv.two to a maximum of 7.ii with a flow of 371.1 days.[30] T Arietis is a semiregular variable star that ranges in magnitude from a minimum of 11.3 to a maximum of 7.5 with a period of 317 days.[30] It is ane,630 light-years away.[46] Ane particularly interesting variable in Aries is SX Arietis, a rotating variable star considered to be the prototype of its form, helium variable stars. SX Arietis stars accept very prominent emission lines of Helium I and Silicon 3. They are normally main-sequence B0p—B9p stars, and their variations are non normally visible to the naked centre. Therefore, they are observed photometrically, usually having periods that fit in the course of 1 night. Like to Alpha² Canum Venaticorum variables, SX Arietis stars have periodic changes in their light and magnetic field, which correspond to the periodic rotation; they differ from the Alpha² Canum Venaticorum variables in their higher temperature. There are between 39 and 49 SX Arietis variable stars currently known; ten are noted equally being "uncertain" in the General Catalog of Variable Stars.[47]

Sky objects [edit]

NGC 772 is a spiral milky way with an integrated magnitude of 10.3, located southeast of β Arietis and 15 arcminutes west of fifteen Arietis.[13] Information technology is a relatively bright galaxy and shows obvious nebulosity and ellipticity in an amateur telescope. Information technology is seven.2 by iv.2 arcminutes, significant that its surface brightness, magnitude thirteen.6, is significantly lower than its integrated magnitude. NGC 772 is a class SA(s)b galaxy, which means that it is an unbarred screw galaxy without a ring that possesses a somewhat prominent bulge and spiral arms that are wound somewhat tightly.[3] The master arm, on the northwest side of the galaxy,[33] is home to many star forming regions; this is due to previous gravitational interactions with other galaxies. NGC 772 has a pocket-size companion galaxy, NGC 770, that is most 113,000 light-years away from the larger milky way. The 2 galaxies together are besides classified as Arp 78 in the Arp peculiar galaxy catalog. NGC 772 has a diameter of 240,000 light-years and the system is 114 1000000 light-years from Earth.[48] Some other spiral milky way in Aries is NGC 673, a face-on class SAB(s)c milky way. It is a weakly barred spiral galaxy with loosely wound arms. Information technology has no ring and a faint bulge and is 2.5 by 1.9 arcminutes. Information technology has two main artillery with fragments located further from the core. 171,000 low-cal-years in bore, NGC 673 is 235 meg lite-years from Earth.[48]

NGC 678 and NGC 680 are a pair of galaxies in Aries that are only about 200,000 light-years apart. Function of the NGC 691 group of galaxies, both are at a distance of approximately 130 million light-years. NGC 678 is an edge-on screw milky way that is 4.5 past 0.viii arcminutes. NGC 680, an elliptical galaxy with an asymmetrical boundary, is the brighter of the ii at magnitude 12.ix; NGC 678 has a magnitude of thirteen.35. Both galaxies accept bright cores, merely NGC 678 is the larger galaxy at a diameter of 171,000 light-years; NGC 680 has a diameter of 72,000 light-years. NGC 678 is further distinguished past its prominent grit lane. NGC 691 itself is a spiral milky way slightly inclined to our line of sight. It has multiple screw arms and a brilliant core. Because it is so lengthened, information technology has a low surface brightness. It has a bore of 126,000 lite-years and is 124 one thousand thousand light-years away.[48] NGC 877 is the brightest member of an 8-galaxy group that also includes NGC 870, NGC 871, and NGC 876, with a magnitude of 12.53. It is ii.4 by 1.8 arcminutes and is 178 meg light-years away with a diameter of 124,000 light-years. Its companion is NGC 876, which is about 103,000 light-years from the core of NGC 877. They are interacting gravitationally, as they are connected past a faint stream of gas and dust.[48] Arp 276 is a different pair of interacting galaxies in Aries, consisting of NGC 935 and IC 1801.[49]

NGC 821 is an E6 elliptical galaxy. Information technology is unusual because it has hints of an early spiral construction, which is unremarkably but found in lenticular and spiral galaxies. NGC 821 is two.6 by 2.0 arcminutes and has a visual magnitude of eleven.three. Its diameter is 61,000 light-years and it is 80 million light-years away.[48] Another unusual galaxy in Aries is Segue 2, a dwarf and satellite galaxy of the Milky way, recently discovered to be a potential relic of the epoch of reionization.[l]

Meteor showers [edit]

Aries is home to several meteor showers. The Daytime Arietid meteor shower is one of the strongest meteor showers that occurs during the 24-hour interval, lasting from 22 May to 2 July. Information technology is an annual shower associated with the Marsden group of comets that peaks on vii June with a maximum zenithal hourly rate of 54 meteors.[51] [52] Its parent body may exist the asteroid Icarus. The meteors are sometimes visible before dawn, because the radiant is 32 degrees away from the Lord's day. They usually announced at a rate of 1–two per hour as "earthgrazers", meteors that last several seconds and often brainstorm at the horizon. Because most of the Daytime Arietids are not visible to the naked eye, they are observed in the radio spectrum. This is possible because of the ionized gas they leave in their wake.[53] [54] Other falling star showers radiate from Aries during the day; these include the Daytime Epsilon Arietids and the Northern and Southern Daytime May Arietids.[55] The Jodrell Banking company Observatory discovered the Daytime Arietids in 1947 when James Hey and Thou. S. Stewart adapted the World War 2-era radar systems for meteor observations.[54]

The Delta Arietids are another meteor shower radiating from Aries. Peaking on ix December with a low peak rate, the shower lasts from viii December to 14 January, with the highest rates visible from viii to xiv December. The average Delta Aquarid meteor is very wearisome, with an average velocity of 13.2 kilometres (8.2 mi) per 2nd. Yet, this shower sometimes produces bright fireballs.[56] This meteor shower has northern and southern components, both of which are probable associated with 1990 HA, a about-Earth asteroid.[57]

The Fall Arietids also radiate from Aries. The shower lasts from 7 September to 27 Oct and peaks on 9 October. Its acme rate is low.[58] The Epsilon Arietids appear from 12 to 23 Oct.[eight] Other shooting star showers radiating from Aries include the October Delta Arietids, Daytime Epsilon Arietids, Daytime May Arietids, Sigma Arietids, Nu Arietids, and Beta Arietids.[55] The Sigma Arietids, a class IV meteor shower, are visible from 12 to nineteen October, with a maximum zenithal hourly rate of less than two meteors per hour on nineteen Oct.[59]

Planetary systems [edit]

Aries contains several stars with extrasolar planets. HIP 14810, a G5 type star, is orbited by three giant planets (those more than than ten times the mass of Earth).[60] Hard disk drive 12661, like HIP 14810, is a Thou-type master sequence star, slightly larger than the Sun, with ii orbiting planets. One planet is 2.three times the mass of Jupiter, and the other is 1.57 times the mass of Jupiter.[61] Hd 20367 is a G0 type star, approximately the size of the Sun, with one orbiting planet. The planet, discovered in 2002, has a mass 1.07 times that of Jupiter and orbits every 500 days.[62] In 2019, scientists conducting the CARMENES survey at the Calar Alto Observatory announced prove of two World-mass exoplanets orbiting Teegarden'due south star, located in Aries, within its habitable zone.[63]

See also [edit]

  • Aries (Chinese astronomy)

References [edit]

Explanatory notes [edit]

  1. ^ The nearby stars that are named or otherwise known are Teegarden's star and TZ Arietis. The altitude tin can be calculated from their parallax, listed in SIMBAD, past taking the inverse of the parallax and multiplying by iii.26.

Citations [edit]

  1. ^ a b Russell 1922, p. 469.
  2. ^ a b "Aries, constellation boundary". The Constellations. International Astronomical Matrimony. Retrieved 14 February 2014.
  3. ^ a b c d due east f k Thompson & Thompson 2007, pp. ninety–91.
  4. ^ a b RECONS, The 100 Nearest Star Systems.
  5. ^ Pasachoff 2000, pp. 128–189.
  6. ^ Evans 1998, p. 6.
  7. ^ Rogers, Mesopotamian Traditions 1998.
  8. ^ a b c d due east f g Staal 1988, pp. 36–41.
  9. ^ Olcott 2004, p. 56.
  10. ^ Rogers, Mediterranean Traditions 1998.
  11. ^ a b Pasachoff 2000, pp. 84–85.
  12. ^ a b c d e f Ridpath 2001, pp. 84–85.
  13. ^ a b c d due east f Moore & Tirion 1997, pp. 128–129.
  14. ^ a b c d eastward f Ridpath, Star Tales Aries: The Ram.
  15. ^ Evans 1998, pp. 41–42.
  16. ^ Winterburn 2008, p. 5.
  17. ^ a b c d Olcott 2004, pp. 57–58.
  18. ^ a b c d Winterburn 2008, pp. 230–231.
  19. ^ Savage-Smith & Belloli 1985, p. 80.
  20. ^ Savage-Smith & Belloli 1985, p. 123.
  21. ^ Fell-Smith & Belloli 1985, pp. 162–164.
  22. ^ Staal 1988, p. 248.
  23. ^ a b Ridpath, Star Tales Musca Borealis.
  24. ^ IAU, The Constellations, Aries.
  25. ^ Staal 1988, pp. 17–eighteen.
  26. ^ Makemson 1941, p. 279.
  27. ^ Ridpath, Pop Names of Stars.
  28. ^ a b "Naming Stars". IAU.org. Retrieved thirty July 2018.
  29. ^ SIMBAD Blastoff Arietis.
  30. ^ a b c d e f one thousand h i j yard l m northward o p Moore 2000, pp. 337–338.
  31. ^ a b Cruel-Smith & Belloli 1985, p. 121.
  32. ^ SIMBAD Beta Arietis.
  33. ^ a b c d east f Burnham Jr. 1978, pp. 245–252.
  34. ^ Davis 1944.
  35. ^ SIMBAD Gamma Arietis.
  36. ^ SIMBAD Lambda Arietis.
  37. ^ SIMBAD Pi Arietis.
  38. ^ SIMBAD Delta Arietis.
  39. ^ SIMBAD Zeta Arietis.
  40. ^ SIMBAD 14 Arietis.
  41. ^ SIMBAD 39 Arietis.
  42. ^ SIMBAD 35 Arietis.
  43. ^ SIMBAD 41 Arietis.
  44. ^ SIMBAD 53 Arietis.
  45. ^ SIMBAD R Arietis.
  46. ^ SIMBAD T Arietis.
  47. ^ Expert 2003, pp. 136–137.
  48. ^ a b c d e Bratton 2011, pp. 63–66.
  49. ^ SIMBAD Arp 276.
  50. ^ Belokurov et al. 2009.
  51. ^ Jopek, "Daytime Arietids".
  52. ^ Bakich 1995, p. 60.
  53. ^ NASA, "June's Invisible Meteors".
  54. ^ a b Jenniskens 2006, pp. 427–428.
  55. ^ a b Jopek, "Meteor List".
  56. ^ Levy 2007, p. 122.
  57. ^ Langbroek 2003.
  58. ^ Levy 2007, p. 119.
  59. ^ Lunsford, Showers.
  60. ^ Wright et al. 2009.
  61. ^ ExoPlanet HD 12661.
  62. ^ ExoPlanet Hard disk 20367.
  63. ^ Zechmeister, M.; et al. (2019). "The CARMENES search for exoplanets around Chiliad dwarfs". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 627: A49. arXiv:1906.07196. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201935460. S2CID 189999121.

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Online sources [edit]

External links [edit]

  • The Deep Photographic Guide to the Constellations: Aries
  • The clickable Aries
  • Star Tales – Aries
  • Warburg Institute Iconographic Database (medieval and early modern images of Aries)

Coordinates: Sky map 03h 00m 00s, +20° 00′ 00″

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aries_(constellation)

Posted by: jacobssquill1950.blogspot.com

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